many of the answers to your questions are on the board in past threads IF you would take some time to READ.
The quick answer for you (while you hit that search bar for past threads):
1) Do businesses doing curbside recycling usually take the materials and process them to the base materials? For example the ingots for aluminum. Or do they sort it and then send it to a place to process them.
NO, companies picking up recycling and other trash are in the business of that...TRASH....they SOMETIMES do sorting, but generally do not. If they do, then they most certainly take the recyclables to the appropriate scrap yard or other buyer of whatever material...basic business 101...you do what you are good at and let others do what they are set up to do. It is EXPENSIVE to set up recycling centers on a massive scale, so you just sell your material to those companies and go pick up more materials.
2) If I have, for example, a lot of plastic, aluminum, and glass in the form of beverage containers. Is there a place I can take these and sell them each for the weight I have of them? If so, where are these facilities? Are there a lot of them?
Yes, there are buyers for ALL those things...no idea if any are near you....Google will be your friend or the phone book. Aluminum can be recycled in any scrap yard and they will buy it....if you really have alot, then YES baled makes it easier to transport for you. Baler can run $3K-50K depending on how big you want the bales to be ect. Glass - FEW buyers and lower rates of course...you need massive amounts to make real $$$ with that, BUT there are smaller scale crushers to make it into basically crushed or powdered glass...ie easier to transport. Plastic...depends on the type of plastic...ABS = low payout, CLEAN clear drink containers = more money, similar to a bit more than steel prices...ie you need ALOT of it....they generally want it baled in 1000 lb bales and generally want a tractor trailer load at a time to be worthwhile. Again, balers are your friend here.
That is the simplified answers for you....you need to spend a month or so READING everything on here PLUS in some other sources to really get a good clue for the industry. People EXPECT that you put the effort in and then they will help you with questions....not before...just some friendly advice. I read about 80% of the old threads before I started posting...and I know quite a bit about
ewaste and had a pretty technical background and could offer alot of advice to people on here, but I DID my homework FIRST before I started spouting off stuff to them.
Good luck with your research....
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