Hi and welcome to the forum from Las Vegas! Your questions in order:
1. A scrap business!
2. Check with your city and county zoning and permitting firms. If all you're doing is hauling from the facility to a scrap processor and not storing material my guess is you'll need, at most, a waste hauling permit but not a general solid waste permit. If you will be storing it you'll need a solid waste permit.
3. There is no upward limit to what you can sell to a scrapyard. Call around for pricing and ask to speak to a commercial buyer. Don't give them too much information about the source until you're sure they won't try to poach your client.
4. It would be unusual for them to pay you cash for that amount of scrap. I do it for some of my clients (paid a client over $31k in cash last week!) but not every yard will do that and - depending on state laws - some might not be able to. Check or ACH is more common for that much money.
5. Yes you can haul
scrap metal across state lines. You'll be a commercial hauler so you'll have to make sure your vehicle is rated for the weights you'll be carrying and will have to stop at weigh stations and pay any associated fees or day permits.
6. Whether you're allowed to pay half the value to your friend depends on what you arrange with your friend. I would buy bare 6063 at that quantity at around $1.45/lb. If you can sell at that price locally and make just .20/lb on it and sell 300k lbs per year you're making over $85k a year (before expenses) to work one day a week hauling their scrap. At half and half it would be over $200k per year.
7. Easiest way is to hire a lawyer who specializes to file all your paperwork.
8. See #1
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