Yeah it's no joke. This was a class I had to teach in the Army. All the heat casualties suck, and they get progressively worse with each one. This may not be appreciated but here is some info EVERYONE on the face of the planet should know. It gives you the types of heat casualties and how to treat and how to prevent!
Identifying and manage heat injuries
Heat cramps
A muscle cramp or spasm of the voluntary muscles of the arm, leg, or abdomen caused by depletion in the body of water and salt.
(1) Symptoms
(a) Painful spasms of skeletal muscles including muscles of the extremities (arms and legs) and abdomen
(b) Thirst
(c) Skin may be moist or dry
(d) Core temperature is normal or minimally elevated
(e) DO NOT ELIMINATE HEAT EXHAUSTION AS A POSSIBILITY. Heat cramps and heat exhaustion may co-exist.
(2) Treatment
(a) Move casualty to shade
(b) Loosen clothing
(c) Gentle stretching of cramped muscles
(d) Oral hydration with electrolyte solution. If nauseated, IV hydration with 0.9% Normal Saline
(e) Obtain further medical advice if symptoms continue
Heat exhaustion
A systemic reaction to prolonged heat exposure and is due to sodium depletion and dehydration
(1) Symptoms
(a) Profuse sweating with pale, moist, and cool skin
(b) Headache
(c) Weakness
(d) Dizziness
(e) Loss of appetite
(6) Nausea (with or without vomiting)
(f) Confusion
(g) Core temperature may be normal or elevated
(2) Treatment
(a) Move the casualty to a cool shady area
(b) Loosen or remove the casualty's clothing and boots
(c) Oral hydration with electrolyte solution, if tolerated
(d) IV hydration with 0.9% Normal Saline solution preferred
(e) Keep casualty supine
(f) Monitor the casualty and always evacuate - may be heated at BAS and RTD if combat situation dictates
Heatstroke
Caused by failure of the temperature regulating system in the brain.
Heatstroke usually involves excessive exposure to strenuous physical activity under hot conditions.
Elderly or chronically ill patients may develop heatstroke without strenuous physical activity.
The hallmark of this condition is altered mental status.
(1) Symptoms
(a) Sweat may or may not be present
(b) Skin is red (flushed), hot
(c) Headache
(d) Dizziness
(e) Nausea
(f) Confusion
(g) Weakness
(h) Seizures
(i) May progress to coma
(j) Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak
(k) Core temperature is above 104 F
(l) Heatstroke is a medical emergency that will result in death if treatment is delayed
(2) Treatment
(a) Act quickly to prevent further injury
(b) Remove from environment
(c) Active cooling
(i) Remove clothing
(ii) Misting with water and fanning
(iii) Moist wraps
(iv) Immersion in cool water. Do not lower core temperature below 102 degrees. Temperature will continue to drop after removing from water.
(v) Ice packs-groin, axilla
(d) Fluid therapy - IV hydration with 0.9% Normal Saline (if unable to tolerate oral fluids)
(e) Heatstroke is a medical emergency that will result in death if treatment is delayed. Start cooling measures immediately and continue them while waiting for transportation and during evacuation.
Sunburn
(1) Significance
(a) May require hospitalization
(b) Increase risk for further injuries
(c) Impact on readiness
(d) Usually preventable
(2) Prevention
(a) Limit exposure
(b) Cover skin
(c) Use sunscreen
(d) Be aware of potential medication reactions
Salt tablets are not used in the prevention of heat injury. Usually eating field rations or liberal salting of the garrison diet will provide enough salt to replace what is lost through sweating in hot weather.
Watch a heat injury casualty closely for life-threatening conditions, check for other injuries, and seek medical aid.
Heat Illness
The inability to respond (increase in core body temperature) adequately to environmental conditions, inadequate correction of fluid and electrolyte deficiencies, and malfunctions of the system through exogenous and endogenous causes
Heat Stress
A condition that increases the metabolism due to heat which may result in an increase of core temp, perspiration, and cardiac output and result in heat injuries if untreated
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